Beschreibung:
<jats:p>The biological herbicide and antibiotic 4-formylaminooxyvinylglycine (FVG) was originally isolated from several rhizosphere-associated strains of<jats:italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens</jats:italic>. Biosynthesis of FVG is dependent on the<jats:italic>gvg</jats:italic>biosynthetic gene cluster in<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>.<jats:italic>fluorescens</jats:italic>. In this investigation, we used comparative genomics to identify strains with the genetic potential to produce FVG due to presence of a<jats:italic>gvg</jats:italic>gene cluster. These strains primarily belong to two groups of<jats:italic>Pseudomonas</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>.<jats:italic>fluorescens</jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>.<jats:italic>syringae</jats:italic>, however, a few strains with the<jats:italic>gvg</jats:italic>cluster were found outside of<jats:italic>Pseudomonas</jats:italic>. Mass spectrometry confirmed that all tested strains of the<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>.<jats:italic>fluorescens</jats:italic>species group produced FVG. However,<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>.<jats:italic>syringae</jats:italic>strains did not produce FVG under standard conditions. Several lines of evidence regarding the transmission of the<jats:italic>gvg</jats:italic>cluster including a robust phylogenetic analysis suggest that it was introduced multiple times through horizontal gene transfer within the<jats:italic>Pseudomonas</jats:italic>lineage as well as in select lineages of<jats:italic>Thiomonas</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Burkholderia</jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Pantoea</jats:italic>. Together, these data broaden our understanding of the evolution and diversity of FVG biosynthesis. In the course of this investigation, additional gene clusters containing only a subset of the genes required to produce FVG were identified in a broad range of bacteria, including many non-pseudomonads.</jats:p>