The use of linseed oil cake in the diets of rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), after solid-state fermentation with a fish gut bacterium, Bacillus pumilus (KF640221): an appraisal on growth, digestibility, body composition, and hematobiochemical profile
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The use of linseed oil cake in the diets of rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), after solid-state fermentation with a fish gut bacterium, Bacillus pumilus (KF640221): an appraisal on growth, digestibility, body composition, and hematobiochemical profile
Beschreibung:
<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Linseed or flaxseed (<jats:italic>Linum usitassimum</jats:italic> L.) contains a prospective source of protein and energy to be utilized in animal feed. This study aimed at re-cycling and value-addition of Linseed Oil Cake (LOC) for formulation of non-conventional carp diets. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The LOC was bio-processed through solid state fermentation (SSF) with a fish gut bacterium, <jats:italic>Bacillus pumilus</jats:italic> (KF640221). Nine experimental sets of diets were formulated using raw (R1-R4) and SSF-processed (F1-F4) LOC at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% levels substituting fishmeal as well as other ingredients in a reference diet, and rohu, <jats:italic>Labeo rohita</jats:italic> fingerlings (2.08±0.03 g) were fed for 70 days feeding trial. Growth, carcass composition, activities of digestive enzymes, digestibility and haemato-biochemical parameters were studied following standard methodologies.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>SSF significantly (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) improved crude protein along with amino acids, whereas crude fibre and antinutritional factors were reduced considerably. Experimental diets were isocaloric (4.8 kcal) and isonitrogenous (36%). Diets with bio-processed LOC had significantly better performance than the raw LOC. Fish fed diet F3 with 30% fermented LOC resulted in the highest weight gain (6.25 ± 0.09 g), specific growth rate (% day <jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>) and carcass protein deposition (16.77±0.34%). Activities of the digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase and protease) were also significantly (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;0.05) higher in fish receiving diets containing fermented LOC. Analyses of blood parameters revealed that haemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma lipid, total plasma protein, albumin and globulin contents were increased, while plasma <jats:italic>glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase</jats:italic> (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were decreased in fish fed bio-processed LOC supplemented diets.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>The present study might propose substitution of fish meal along with other conventional ingredients by incorporation of 30% SSF-processed LOC in the diets of rohu with no negative effect to the growth performance, carcass composition and feed utilization. </jats:p></jats:sec>