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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
The association of host and vector characteristics with Ctenocephalides felis pathogen and endosymbiont infection
Beteiligte:
Moore, Charlotte;
Breitschwerdt, Edward B.;
Kim, Lisa;
Li, Yiyao;
Ferris, Kelli;
Maggi, Ricardo;
Lashnits, Erin
Erschienen:
Frontiers Media SA, 2023
Erschienen in:Frontiers in Microbiology
Sprache:
Nicht zu entscheiden
DOI:
10.3389/fmicb.2023.1137059
ISSN:
1664-302X
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
<jats:p>Surveillance of the fleas and flea-borne pathogens infecting cats is important for both human and animal health. Multiple zoonotic <jats:italic>Bartonella</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rickettsia</jats:italic> species are known to infect the most common flea infesting cats and dogs worldwide: <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides felis</jats:italic>, the cat flea. The ability of other flea species to transmit pathogens is relatively unexplored. We aimed to determine cat host and flea factors independently associated with flea <jats:italic>Bartonella</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rickettsia</jats:italic> infection. We also assessed flea and cat infection by flea-host pair and location. To accomplish these aims, we performed qPCR for the detection of <jats:italic>Bartonella</jats:italic>, hemotropic <jats:italic>Mycoplasma</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rickettsia</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Wolbachia</jats:italic> DNA using paired cat and flea samples obtained from free-roaming cats presenting for spay or neuter across four locations in the United States. A logistic regression model was employed to identify the effect of cat (sex, body weight, geographic location, and <jats:italic>Bartonella</jats:italic>, hemotropic <jats:italic>Mycoplasma</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rickettsia</jats:italic> spp., infection) and flea (clade and <jats:italic>Rickettsia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Wolbachia</jats:italic> infection) factors on <jats:italic>C</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>felis Bartonella clarridgeiae</jats:italic> infection. From 189 free roaming cats, we collected 84 fleas: <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides felis</jats:italic> (78/84), <jats:italic>Cediopsylla simplex</jats:italic> (4/84), <jats:italic>Orchopeas howardi</jats:italic> (1/84), and <jats:italic>Nosopsyllus fasciatus</jats:italic> (1/84). <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides felis</jats:italic> were phylogenetically assigned to Clades 1, 4, and 6 by <jats:italic>cox1</jats:italic> gene amplification. <jats:italic>Rickettsia asembonensis</jats:italic> (52/84) and <jats:italic>B</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>clarridgeiae</jats:italic> (16/84) were the most common pathogenic bacteria detected in fleas. Our model identified host cat sex and weight as independently associated with <jats:italic>B</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>clarridgeiae</jats:italic> infection in fleas. <jats:italic>Rickettsia asembonensis</jats:italic> (52/84), <jats:italic>Rickettsia felis</jats:italic> (7/84) and <jats:italic>Bartonella henselae</jats:italic> (7/84) were detected in specific clades: <jats:italic>R</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>felis</jats:italic> was detected only in Clades 1 and 6 while <jats:italic>B</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>henselae</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>asembonensis</jats:italic> were detected only in Clade 4. <jats:italic>Wolbachia</jats:italic> spp., also displayed clade specificity with strains other than <jats:italic>Wolbachia</jats:italic> wCfeT only infecting fleas from Clade 6. There was poor flea and host agreement for <jats:italic>Bartonella</jats:italic> spp., infection; however, there was agreement in the <jats:italic>Bartonella</jats:italic> species detected in cats and fleas by geographic location. These findings reinforce the importance of considering reservoir host attributes and vector phylogenetic diversity in epidemiological studies of flea-borne pathogens. Widespread sampling is necessary to identify the factors driving flea-borne pathogen presence and transmission.</jats:p>