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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Pathophysiological Role and Diagnostic Potential of R-Loops in Cancer and Beyond
Beteiligte:
Khan, Essak S.;
Danckwardt, Sven
Erschienen:
MDPI AG, 2022
Erschienen in:
Genes, 13 (2022) 12, Seite 2181
Sprache:
Englisch
DOI:
10.3390/genes13122181
ISSN:
2073-4425
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
R-loops are DNA–RNA hybrids that play multifunctional roles in gene regulation, including replication, transcription, transcription–replication collision, epigenetics, and preserving the integrity of the genome. The aberrant formation and accumulation of unscheduled R-loops can disrupt gene expression and damage DNA, thereby causing genome instability. Recent links between unscheduled R-loop accumulation and the abundance of proteins that modulate R-loop biogenesis have been associated with numerous human diseases, including various cancers. Although R-loops are not necessarily causative for all disease entities described to date, they can perpetuate and even exacerbate the initially disease-eliciting pathophysiology, making them structures of interest for molecular diagnostics. In this review, we discuss the (patho) physiological role of R-loops in health and disease, their surprising diagnostic potential, and state-of-the-art techniques for their detection.