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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes?
Beteiligte:
Fingerhut, Leonie;
Dolz, Gaby;
de Buhr, Nicole
Erschienen:
MDPI AG, 2020
Erschienen in:
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21 (2020) 12, Seite 4523
Sprache:
Englisch
DOI:
10.3390/ijms21124523
ISSN:
1422-0067
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
Over the years of evolution, thousands of different animal species have evolved. All these species require an immune system to defend themselves against invading pathogens. Nevertheless, the immune systems of different species are obviously counteracting against the same pathogen with different efficiency. Therefore, the question arises if the process that was leading to the clades of vertebrates in the animal kingdom—namely mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish—was also leading to different functions of immune cells. One cell type of the innate immune system that is transmigrating as first line of defense in infected tissue and counteracts against pathogens is the neutrophil granulocyte. During the host–pathogen interaction they can undergo phagocytosis, apoptosis, degranulation, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this review, we summarize a wide spectrum of information about neutrophils in humans and animals, with a focus on vertebrates. Special attention is kept on the development, morphology, composition, and functions of these cells, but also on dysfunctions and options for cell culture or storage.