Beschreibung:
<jats:p>The lichenised fungal genus <jats:italic>Pyrenula</jats:italic> is a very common crustose lichen element in tropical to subtropical forests, but little research has been done on this genus in China. During our study on <jats:italic>Pyrenula</jats:italic> in China, based on morphological characteristics, chemical traits and molecular phylogenetic analysis (ITS and nuLSU), three new 3-septate species with red or orange oil in over-mature ascospores were found: <jats:italic>Pyrenula inspersa</jats:italic><jats:bold>sp. nov.</jats:bold>, <jats:italic>P. thailandicoides</jats:italic><jats:bold>sp. nov.</jats:bold> and <jats:italic>P. apiculata</jats:italic><jats:bold>sp. nov.</jats:bold> Compared to the known 3-septate species of <jats:italic>Pyrenula</jats:italic> with red or orange oil, <jats:italic>P. inspersa</jats:italic> is characterised by the inspersed hamathecium; <jats:italic>P. thailandicoides</jats:italic> is characterised by the IKI+ red hamathecium and the existence of an unknown lichen substance; and <jats:italic>P. apiculata</jats:italic> is characterised by the absence of endospore layers in the spore tips and the absence of pseudocyphellae. It is reported for the first time that the presence of a gelatinous halo around the ascospores of <jats:italic>Pyrenula</jats:italic> is common. A word key for the <jats:italic>Pyrenula</jats:italic> species with red or orange oil in over-mature ascospores is provided.</jats:p>