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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Genetic Diversity in Two Avian Species Formerly Endemic to Guam
Beteiligte:
Haig, Susan M.;
Ballou, Jonathan D.
Erschienen:
The American Ornithologists' Union, 1995
Erschienen in:The Auk
Sprache:
Englisch
ISSN:
0004-8038;
1938-4254
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
<p> We examine genetic diversity within endemic island avian species that recently went extinct in the wild and compare results with nonendangered, nonendemic, and nonisland species. The Micronesian Kingfisher (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina) and flightless Guam Rail (Rallus owstoni) once were endemic to the Pacific island of Guam and now survive only in captivity. Horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis and minisatellite DNA profiles were used to measure genetic diversity within and among the rails, kingfishers and closely related species. Allozyme analyses of Micronesian Kingfishers revealed no genetic diversity (29 enzymes screened). DNA profiles were variable, although similarity (S) among founders to the captive kingfisher population was high relative to nonendangered birds (S = 0.56 ± SE of 0.02; 89 bands scored/individual). Three other Halcyon species examined had average allozyme heterozygosity and DNA similarity. Guam Rails had average to high allozyme heterozygosity as measured by four polymorphic loci (H = 0.03 to 0.05) relative to four other rail species (3 Rallus spp., 1 Porzana sp.). However, S (0.62 ± 0.02) was higher than in Micronesian Kingfishers. Further analyses indicated a significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in two of three polymorphic loci for captive Guam Rails. Our results suggest that caution be taken in making generalizations about genetic diversity in island species. The type and number of genetic techniques used, number of species or populations examined, and variance in life-history traits among species must be considered. </p>