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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Cost of Flight Apparatus and Optimum Body Size of Aphid Migrants
Beteiligte:
Kindlmann, Pavel
Erschienen:
Ecological Society of America, 1999
Erschienen in:
Ecology, 80 (1999) 5, Seite 1678-1690
Sprache:
Englisch
ISSN:
0012-9658;
1939-9170
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
The incorporation of aerodynamic considerations into an optimal energy partitioning model developed for aphids results in the prediction that migrants should be smaller and take longer to develop than nonmigrants. If individuals are structurally similar (i.e., the relative sizes of body parts and flight apparatus are similar), then both within and between species, aerodynamic considerations predict that biomass of wing muscles should scale relative to body mass with an exponent between 1 and 7/6, and wing beat frequency directly proportional to wing length for maximum power output to 1/2 power of wing length, when cruising. The empirical results for aphids indicate that within species, individuals of different sizes may not be structurally identical; large individuals appear to have proportionally smaller wings, and as theory predicts, appear to compensate for this by having proportionally larger wing muscles than small individuals. Interspecifically, aphids appear to be structurally identical both in terms of wing area, wing beat frequency, and in the relative size of the thorax. As predicted both intra- and interspecifically, large migrants, although having larger gonads, nevertheless have proportionally smaller gonads than small migrants. Empirical results also conform to the prediction that migrants should be smaller than nonmigrants, particularly so in large species. The prediction that the developmental time for migrants should be longer than for nonmigrants is supported by published data for aphids. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of Roff's hypothesis that insect migrants should be larger and develop faster than nonmigrants.