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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Colchicine-Induced Polyploidy in Lilium longiflorum
Beteiligte:
Emsweller, S. L.
Erschienen:
American Botanical Society, 1949
Erschienen in:American Journal of Botany
Sprache:
Englisch
ISSN:
0002-9122;
1537-2197
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
<p>Polyploids of twelve species and two species hybrids of Lilium were obtained by soaking the lily scales in colchicine solutions for various periods of time. The most effective concentration of colchicine was 0.2 per cent. The detached lily scales formed adventitious buds at their base and some of these were found to be polyploid. The species used were auratum, browni, candidum, davidi, henryi, longiflorum, myriophyllum, pardalinum var. giganteum, philippinense, regale, speciosum, and tigrinum. The species hybrids were T. A. Havemeyer (myriophyllum x henryi) and testaceum (candidum x chalcedonicum). Nineteen clones of longiflorum were treated and polyploids obtained in all. This paper discusses the polyploids obtained of the longiflorum clonal variety Creole. The chromosome number of 303 plants obtained from treatment of this clone was determined. There were 135 diploids, 123 tetraploids, 8 aneuploids, and 37 chimeras. The aneuploid plants included 1 with 45 chromosomes, 1 with 46, 5 with 47, and 1 with 49. Eight of the 12 chromosome types of longiflorum are easily distinguished and in all the aneuploids the particular chromosomes concerned could be identified. The chimeral plants included one with octoploid flowers and pollen, tetraploid roots, and stomata. The most commonly occurring type of chimera had tetraploid roots, diploid stomata, and tetraploid flowers and pollen. Some of the first flowers produced from the affected bulblets were very abnormal. These abnormalities included both reduction and increase of floral parts. Flowers produced in subsequent years were normal. In meiosis in the Creole clone, bivalents and quadrivalents occurred with the highest frequency, followed by univalents, octovalents, hexavalents, and trivalents. A few dicentric bridges and fragments were observed as well as occasional lagging unsplit univalents. Eighty-five per cent of the first anaphases appeared normal. The percent-age of good pollen, as determined by plump, well-stained grains, was 80. Most of the longiflorum tetraploids have been both self- and cross-sterile, even when pollinated with other known compatible diploid clones.</p>