Likelihood of post-COVID condition in people with hybrid immunity: data from the German National Cohort (NAKO)

Media type: E-Article

Title: Likelihood of post-COVID condition in people with hybrid immunity : data from the German National Cohort (NAKO)

Contributor: Mikolajczyk, Rafael [Author]; Diexer, Sophie [Author]; Klee, Bianca [Author]; Pfrommer, Laura [Author]; Purschke, Oliver [Author]; Fricke, Julia [Author]; Ahnert, Peter [Author]; Gabrysch, Sabine [Author]; Gottschick, Cornelia [Author]; Bohn, Barbara [Author]; Brenner, Hermann [Author]; Buck, Christoph [Author]; Castell, Stefanie [Author]; Gastell, Sylvia [Author]; Greiser, Karin Halina [Author]; Harth, Volker [Author]; Heise, Jana-Kristin [Author]; Holleczek, Bernd [Author]; Kaaks, Rudolf [Author]; Keil, Thomas [Author]; Krist, Lilian [Author]; Leitzmann, Michael [Author]; Lieb, Wolfgang [Author]; Meinke-Franze, Claudia [Author]; Michels, Karin B. [Author]; Velásquez, Ilais Moreno [Author]; Obi, Nadia [Author]; Panreck, Leo [Author]; Peters, Annette [Author]; Pischon, Tobias [Author]; Schikowski, Tamara [Author]; Schmidt, Börge [Author]; Standl, Marie [Author]; Stang, Andreas [Author]; Völzke, Henry [Author]; Weber, Andrea [Author]; Zeeb, Hajo [Author]; Karch, André [Author]

Published: August 2024

Language: English

DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106206

Identifier:

Keywords: Hybrid immunity ; Post-COVID-19 condition ; Reinfection ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination

Origination:

Footnote:

Description: Objectives - The risk of Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) under hybrid immunity remains unclear. - Methods - Using data from the German National Cohort (NAKO Gesundheitsstudie), we investigated risk factors for self-reported post-infection symptoms (any PCC is defined as having at least one symptom, and high symptom burden PCC as having nine or more symptoms). - Results - Sixty percent of 109,707 participants reported at least one previous SARS-CoV-2 infection; 35% reported having had any symptoms 4-12 months after infection; among them 23% reported nine or more symptoms. Individuals, who did not develop PCC after their first infection, had a strongly reduced risk for PCC after their second infection (50%) and a temporary risk reduction, which waned over 9 months after the preceding infection. The risk of developing PCC strongly depended on the virus variant. Within variants, there was no effect of the number of preceding vaccinations, apart from a strong protection by the fourth vaccination compared to three vaccinations for the Omicron variant (odds ratio = 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.61). - Conclusions - Previous infections without PCC and a fourth vaccination were associated with a lower risk of PCC after a new infection, indicating diminished risk under hybrid immunity. The two components of risk reduction after a preceding infection suggest different immunological mechanisms.

Access State: Open Access

Rights information: Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivs (CC BY-NC-ND)

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